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TCAS
Different Types of On-Board, Active Traffic Systems
TCAS I
- Displays traffic situation
- Auditory warning
- Ideal, low-cost solution for aircraft not mandated to carry more complex systems
TCAS II
- Same capabilities as TCAS I, but adds Resolution Advisories
- Auditory and visual maneuver
- If the other plane is TCAS II equipped, coordinated maneuvers between aircraft
ACAS II
- ICAO specification for Collision Avoidance
- Inter-operable with TCAS II
- TCAS II(Change 7) and ACAS II Systems are identical
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TCAS II and ACAS II both require
Mode S Level II
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ETCAS- ACAS II for Military Transports
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- ETCAS is a Dual System
-ACAS II
-Mission Capable Rendezvous and Formation System
- In Rendezvous Mode ETCAS maintains same collision avoidance as ACAS II mode
- Utilizes IFF/Mode-S transponder
| System of Choice for Military Transports
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ETCAS Growth Capability- ADS-B
Automatic Dependent Surveillance- Broadcast
- Capability to transmit,(squitter) flight information
-LAT/LONG Air Speed
-Ground Speed Altitude
-Turn Indication Heading
ETCAS will use squitter for Modes 1,2 & A
Multifunction Display - TCAS
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Basic Overlays
- Active Route
- Heading
- Navaids, Airports, Waypoints
- Vertical Profile
- TCAS
- WX / Lightning
- Status & Messages
Growth Overlays (not shown)
- ADS-B
- Charts & Maps
- EGPWS
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TCAS II and ACAS II both require
Mode S Level II
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EGPWS
EGPWS Family
EGPWS LRUs (from left-to-right)
- MARK V EGPWS w/out and with Internal GPS Card
- MARK VII EGPWS w/out and with Internal GPS Card
- MARK VI EGPWS w/out and with Internal GPS Card
- MARK VIII EGPWS w/out and with Internal GPS Card
- GA-EGPWS
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Proprietary Terrain/Airport/Obstacle Database
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- In-house Database
- Compiled from multiple sources
- Continuously updated
- Validated
- Maintained under configuration control
- ~95% terrain coverage
- Known runways >= 3500 feet in length
- 22,000+ runways covering over 8,400 airports worldwide
- 70,000+ obstacles for N. America (expand as data becomes available)
- Airborne Database
- 25 MB for world coverage
- Provided on PCMCIA Card; hosted in EGPWS computer
- Load in less than 5 minutes via PCMCIA front panel loader
- Compressed data resident in flash memory
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Airport Database Requirements
Example: SEA/TAC Intl. Airport, USA
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| Airport ICAO Identifier: KSEA |
| Airport Reference Point Latitude: N 47 26 56.34 |
| Airport Reference Point Longitude: W 122 18 33.53 |
| Magnetic Variation (degrees): E 19.4 |
| Airport Elevation (feet above / below MSL): 429 |
| Datum Code: NAW |
| Airport Name: Seattle-Tacoma Intl. |
| Runway Identifier: RW16R |
| Runway Length (feet): 9425 |
| Runway Magnetic Bearing (degrees): 160.9 |
| Runway Endpoint Latitude: N 47 27 49.7 |
| Runway Endpoint Longitude: W 122 18 39.56 |
| Runway Elevation (feet above / below MSL): 426 |
| …and detailed map of the area showing the runways |
EGPWS Website
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Terrain Awareness Display (Standard)
Terrain Clearance Floor
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- Compares aircraft position / heading vs. airport database
- Provides protection even in landing configuration
- Mapped to surrounding terrain using AGL
EGPWS Advantages
- Draws heavily upon over 30 years of GPWS development experience
Nuisance warning reduction
Warning mode design
Continuous flight safety improvement
- Industry involvement: FSF, ATA, IATA, OEMs, Regulatory Authorities, etc.
- Design based on on-going accident data & analysis
- … All CFIT accidents simulated … Unnecessary & costly complications avoided
- Does not require GPS
- 20,000,000+ flt hrs experience with mature nuisance alert rate of < 1 in 100,000 flt hrs
- Commonality with Airbus & Boeing standard systems
- Situation display: >400 pilots contributed to design
- Display integration efforts/agreements in place with manufacturers
- Integral reactive windshear detection meets FAA requirement
- Weather radar & TCAS display integration and alerting prioritization
- Commitment to database development (not dependent on third party)
- Commitment to continual advancement
- Commitment to flight safety
RADAR
RDR-4B
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Weather Radar with Windshear Detection/Avoidance Capability
First FAA Certified System
Selected by More Than 70 Airlines for Over 4,500 Systems
AlliedSignal Has Over 75% of Windshear Radar Selections
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RDR-4B Advantages
Certified on Nearly Every Aircraft Type
Proven In-service Performance
Enhanced Weather Detection:
- Improved Weather Calibration - More Accurate Depiction of Threat
- Better Weather-thru-weather Detection - Greater Security in Flight
- Detection of Storm Tops - Higher Gain Setting at Cruise Altitude
- Improved Turbulence Detection - Enhanced Signal Processing
- Improved Built-in Test - Reduces Unnecessary Removals, and Troubleshooting Time
- Integration With EGPWSTM and TCAS - Enhanced Safety System
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